Turn Rate Adalah

Aircraft maneuvering is referenced to a standard rate turn,[1] also known as a rate one turn (ROT).

A standard rate turn is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (180°/min). Fast airplanes, or aircraft on certain precision approaches, use a half standard rate ('rate half' in some countries), but the definition of standard rate does not change.

Standardized turn rates are often employed in approaches and holding patterns to provide a reference for controllers and pilots so that each will know what the other is expecting. The pilot banks the airplane such that the turn and slip indicator points to the mark appropriate for that aircraft and then uses a clock to time the turn. The pilot can roll out at any desired direction depending on the length of time in the turn.

During a constant-bank level turn, increasing airspeed decreases the rate of turn, and increases the turn radius.[2] A rate half turn (1.5° per second) is normally used when flying faster than 250 kn. The term rate two turn (6° per second) is used on some low speed aircraft.

Instruments, either the turn and slip indicator or the turn coordinator, have the standard rate or half standard rate turn clearly marked. Slower aircraft are equipped with 2-minute turn indicators while faster aircraft are often equipped with 4-minute turn indicators.

Abilities Preventing Turning[edit]

The following abilities completely prevent the affected unit from turning:

Abilities Preventing Turning

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Dalam dunia bisnis, turn over adalah pergantian karyawan di sebuah perusahaan, baik yang dilakukan secara sukarela maupun terpaksa.

Perhitungan turnover sangat perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga kestabilan aktivitas bisnis. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena turnover memiliki pengaruh terhadap produktivitas dan kinerja perusahaan.

Lalu, bagaimana sih cara menghitung turnover? Apa saja jenis turnover? Bagaimana praktik turn over?

Kami mengajak Anda membahas secara detail apa itu turnover dan bagaimana praktiknya dalam perusahaan. Yuk, bahas.

Radius of turn formula

One might also want to calculate the radius r {\displaystyle r} of a Rate 1, 2 or 3 turn at a specific TAS.

r [ n m i ] = v t [ k n ] 20 π ω t u r n [ ∘ / s ] {\displaystyle r[\mathrm {nmi} ]={\frac {v_{\mathrm {t} }[\mathrm {kn} ]}{20\pi \omega _{\mathrm {turn} }[^{\circ }/\mathrm {s} ]}}}

Where ω t u r n {\displaystyle \omega _{\mathrm {turn} }} is the rate of turn.

If the velocity and the angle of bank is given,

r = v t 2 g tan ⁡ ϕ {\displaystyle r\;={\frac {v_{\mathrm {t} }^{2}}{g\tan \phi }}}

where g is the gravitational acceleration. This is a simplified formula that ignores slip and returns zero for 90° of bank.

In metres (where gravity is approximately 9.81 metres per second per second, and velocity is given in metres per second):

r [ m ] = v t 2 9.81   m / s 2 tan ⁡ ϕ {\displaystyle r[\mathrm {m} ]={\frac {v_{\mathrm {t} }^{2}}{9.81\ \mathrm {m/s^{2}} \tan \phi }}}

Or in feet (where velocity is given in knots):

r [ f t ] = ( v t [ k n ] ) 2 11.294 tan ⁡ ϕ {\displaystyle r[\mathrm {ft} ]={\frac {(v_{\mathrm {t} }[\mathrm {kn} ])^{2}}{11.294\tan \phi }}}

Turn rate is the speed at which a unit can turn. When moving to a location, a unit first turns to face that location, then begins walking. Similarly, when targeting another unit with an attack or spell, a unit first turns until it is facing the target, and then continues with the action. A unit only starts moving, or only starts casting a spell on a targeted area or point when the target is within 11.5°[1] angle in front of the ordered unit. This can make kiting more difficult, as the hero has to spend time turning towards and away from the target with each attack.

Every unit has a base turn rate, which can be lowered by some abilities. The vast majority of heroes have a turn rate between 0.6 and 0.5, meaning it takes between 0.15 and 0.19 seconds for the hero to make a 180° turn.

There are currently no talents that improve turn rate.

This article or section contains incomplete or outdated information. Please help the community by updating it.

Turn rate speed was improved by 20% in

Turn rate is expressed in radians per 0.03 seconds. A 180° turn is the same as π {\displaystyle \pi } (3.1416) radians, therefore 0.03 π {\displaystyle \pi } divided by the turn rate of the unit equals the time it takes to turn 180°.

Turn rate is defined as

With t being the time it takes to turn around and T the turn rate sources.

Turn rate slow directly affects the base turn rate, and all sources of turn rate slow stack multiplicatively.

With TSet being the Set Turn Rate Value, Tb the Base Turn Rate, r the Turn Rate Slow Value and a the Turn Rate Improve Value.

A unit does not immediately start turning at the highest rate it can turn. The turn rate ramps as the unit starts turning, reaching the unit's max turn rate after a certain amount of time. The rate at which the turn rate ramps up is unknown.

If a unit starts turning due to an ability or item cast order (by targeting a point, area or unit which is not within the required 11.5° facing angle), the turning cannot be canceled by a move, attack or a new spell cast order. Because the 11.5° angle can be in either direction, this creates a 23° angle directly in front of the hero allowing instant actions on any target within 23°. For any target beyond this angle, the hero must wait until they turn before the action occurs. The above formula is used to find the maximum time, so the time until the action takes place is actually ≤ 168.5°.

Any command ordered while turning due to a spell cast order gets queued up and executed once the spell is cast. In order to cancel the spell or ability cast, the player must issue a stop or halt command, in the same way how to cancel spell during its cast animation. This is to prevent accidental canceling of casts due to fast clicking. Issuing a stop or halt command (with S) does not stop the unit from turning if it has already started to turn, but stops the order which initiated the turning. For example, this allows Templar Assassin to turn during Meld without canceling the ability, as long as the move command is stopped before the targeted point is within the required angle.

Dysfunctional Turnover

Dysfunctional Turnover terjadi ketika karyawan yang berkinerja baik mengundurkan diri dari perusahaan. Dikatakan dysfunctional karena hal tersebut dapat mengganggu produktivitas perusahaan.

Kita tahu semua bahwa setiap perusahaan memiliki standarnya sendiri. Namun, ada sebuah value bagi banyak perusahaan: meminimalisir angka karyawan yang resign.

Ketika angka resign karyawan tinggi, perusahaan akan merasakan dampak negatif. Mulai dari produktivitas yang menurun, biaya pelatihan baru yang meningkat, hingga semangat kerja tim berkurang.

Karena itulah, umumnya, perusahaan harus memiliki sejumlah syarat turnover karyawan. Lantas, apa yang harus diperhatikan perusahaan dalam mengelola turnover karyawan? Kurang lebih, inilah syarat turn over:

Ingatlah, setiap karyawan yang bertahan adalah aset berharga yang memastikan kelangsungan bisnis Anda. Jadikan mereka sebagai prioritas, dan Anda akan merasakan dampak positifnya bagi perusahaan.

Turn Rate Comparison[edit]

Abilities Preventing Turning[]

The following abilities completely prevent the affected unit from turning:

Abilities Preventing Turning